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The Yoruba-speaking people of Nigeria have been floundering, a state that, as is common in human societies, has led to transferred aggression. This isn’t a problem unique to the Yorubas; we need only recall how large segments of the German population misdirected their aggression towards Jews and other minorities, resulting in a worldwide catastrophe. We must learn from these historical lessons!
Yorubas are unfortunately misinterpreting their own cultural strength, using it to promote self-serving interests rather than collective empowerment. They should look to the Gujaratis – a small Indian ethnolinguistic group – as a model for how a community can marshal its strength to achieve overwhelming political advantage, even with a numerical disadvantage.
Gujarat, accounting for only 6% of India’s land area, makes significant contributions to the country’s economy, including over 8% of the GDP, 18% of industrial output, and 25% of total exports. Gujaratis are renowned for their entrepreneurial spirit, business acumen, and extensive networks, which have enabled them to establish thriving businesses globally, particularly in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and East Africa. They dominate industries like diamonds, textiles, finance, and ICT, with notable achievements such as owning one out of every four hotels in the United States.
The Jewish, Chinese and Lebanese Diasporas are also prime examples of communities that have leveraged their cultural and business acumen for success. Facing historical persecution or instability, they built extensive, interconnected global networks based on shared cultural values like familial trust, education and entrepreneurial spirit. This allowed them to thrive in fields such as finance, trade and commerce worldwide.
Tragically, Yorubas today have lost the momentum they once had and the sense of common purpose that arose from the treaty that was signed on September 23, 1886. This loss is reflected in several areas: professional and business advancements are being undermined by a lack of unity and strategic focus, progress in the education system – from primary schools onward – has stalled, and the competitive advantages afforded by access to the sea remain underutilized.
Yorubaland should be a thriving export-oriented economy, building on the plans of the 1950s and 1960s to move from exporting primary products to value-added goods. Instead, due to a lack of strategic direction and investment, raw materials like cocoa from the Southwest are exported with minimal processing, with the bulk of the profits going to foreign processors. In a more developed economy, we would be exporting chocolates, cocoa derivatives and other finished products; we would be leveraging our resources to drive economic growth while creating more opportunities.
The Obafemi Awolowos! The Bode Thomases! The Adeyemo Alakijas! The Sapara Williams! Leaders of their calibre saw the future and worked towards it! Can we say the same about our current leaders? Isn’t that a shame?
Awolowo’s tenure as Premier of the Western Region was marked by groundbreaking achievements that positioned the region to compete with countries like Indonesia, Malaysia and India. Through strategic investments via the Western Nigeria Development Corporation (WNDC) and Western Nigeria Finance Corporation (WNFC), Awolowo spearheaded the establishment of numerous industries and corporations that drove rapid industrial development. These included West African Portland Cement Company (WAPCO) for cement production, Nigerite Ltd for asbestos and roofing sheets, Odu’a Textile Mills, and many others.
By opening vast industrial layouts in Ibadan, Lagos, and Ilupeju with over 120 factories, Awolowo catalyzed mass production to meet various needs. Between 1951 and 1959, it created countless jobs without relying on oil revenue. Awolowo’s legacy of Infrastructure, Social Services, and Enduring Impact in Western Nigeria encompassed iconic infrastructure and social services that were pioneering for the time. He oversaw the construction of Cocoa House, the tallest building in West Africa for decades, Liberty Stadium (one of the most modern in Africa), and initiated Western Nigeria Television & Broadcasting Service (WNTV/WNBS), the first radio and television stations in Africa.
Awolowo’s government implemented free primary education, developed cooperative societies leading to a Cooperative Bank and College, and expanded road networks with bitumen-covered roads spanning over 2,000 kilometers. Odu’a Investments, a conglomerate he nurtured, was among Nigeria’s largest by 2004. His impactful governance in the Western Region, covering what is now eight states, remains unmatched. Compared to the WNDC and WNFC, of what impact has the Odu’a Group been to Yorubaland, beyond using its knife to tear and share the regional cake?
The question therefore is: can the Yoruba race ever find a leader like Awolowo? Does the Yoruba race even have a leadership presently? At this stage of its development, Yorubaland needs thinking innovators, not just fixers or deal masters. Incidentally, Bola Tinubu, Nigeria’s current president, is a Yorubaman. The conventional wisdom is that the country’s 15th president can only spend two terms of four years each in office. What happens after he leaves office? Will Yorubas ever transcend the limitations of political temporariness and build enduring institutions?
Again, here lies the essence of the challenge: giving a Yoruba man a political appointment doesn’t necessarily translate into empowerment for the Yorubas. Such appointments are often used to cement political alliances and enrich friends and close acolytes. To put it bluntly, being made the chairman of a board or commission is not empowerment; what empowers a people are meaningful programmes.
Take, for instance, what have the numerous political appointments given to our Yoruba sons and daughters over the past forty years translated into? What tangible benefits have the Yorubas gained, and how many socio-political and economic programmes are currently in place to support their development?
The opulent mansions being built by political appointees in Ijebu-Jesa and its environs – are they a sign of industrial investment? How many industries are actually operating in Osogbo, the Osun State capital? What about Ile-Ife, the cultural heartland of Yorubaland? And Ijesaland, known for its historical commercial prowess that even impressed leaders like Otto Von Bismarck, the former Prime Minister of Prussia and Chancellor of Germany – how many industries are thriving there?
Let’s flip the script and look at the story of Yorubaland’s development through a different lens. Germany boasts the world’s third-largest economy and a top-notch financial system. Added to this is its constitution which requires a certain voter turnout threshold for election validity. In contrast, economic growth in Nigeria is often measured by statistics rather than the actual impact on people’s lives. When one considers the state of Nigeria, one is tempted to believe that the country itself is a management problem that needs philosopher-kings. Here, voter turnout is getting ridiculously low with each passing day and all we chant is: ‘Hurrah!’
In our very eyes, school enrolment is dropping across the country, with innocent pupils trekking to their schools even as the sick skip medications due to lack of funds to procure recommended drugs. A proper development programme for Yorubaland would have transformed the Olokola Deep Seaport into a major economic hub over thirty years ago, and that would have yielded remarkable results. But, where are we?
Surely certainly, Yorubaland faces a clear choice: preserve the past or forge its future. To transition from a people defined by ancestry to one that actively shapes its destiny, Yorubaland needs a forward-looking development plan that could span decades, whether ten, twenty, or more years.
The work of previous institutions already referred to helped develop a petit bourgeoisie unmatched in any of the regions. To build a sustainable future, we must learn from the past and rebuild the capital base of Yorubaland, attracting long-term investment capital to support fiscal and social infrastructure development. This is crucial, as exporting raw products would condemn us to being perpetual hewers of woods and fetchers of water.
Yoruba: From ancestors to architects (2)
Uneven wealth distribution inevitably leads to social catastrophe. The discernible difference between population size and economic might highlights this issue. Norway and Switzerland, with small populations of five and seven million, are among the world’s richest nations. This begs the question: Given its vast intellectual and human capital, why does a historically blessed and resourceful region like Yorubaland continue to struggle with development?
For the Yorubas therefore, the journey from a legacy of ancestors to becoming the architects of our own future is not a choice between the past and the future, but a synthesis of both. What’s more? The future is not something that passively happens; it must be deliberately created. In other words, becoming the architects of this future means embracing modern knowledge and technology while simultaneously preserving cultural values.
To do this, a necessary and urgent step is the establishment of institutions like the Development Agenda for Western Nigeria (DAWN) and other investment banks. Had these institutions been established at least two decades ago, they would have by now amassed a paid-up capital of no less than N800 billion, sourced from domestic investors, the diaspora, and international financing institutions.
The recent establishment of the South West Development Commission (SWDC) is a crucial step forward for regional progress. While the Tinubu-led government deserves commendation for this initiative, the SWDC must, above all else, mobilize and secure sustained development funds for building critical infrastructure through public-private partnerships. It must also forge a dedicated unit to empower and support small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMSEs) across the region.
We’ve already seen how world-class research institutions have been a significant factor in propelling the United States subnational, California, to become the world’s fourth-largest economy. California’s Silicon Valley also grew from a symbiotic relationship between Stanford University and the surrounding ecosystem. Similarly, the State of Massachusetts is leveraging its elite institutions like Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to gain a strong competitive edge. It is imperative that Yorubaland adopts a similar strategy to secure its economic future.
For instance, a collective effort should be made over the next fifteen years to transform the University of Ibadan (UI) into a world-class institution, ranking among the top 100 universities globally. This would not only create a continuous base for world-class human capital development but also provide the essential research needed to give local industries a crucial competitive edge.
Yorubaland must abandon its current partisan politics – devoid of ideological foundation – and instead focus on a twenty-year plan to build human capital. The Yoruba nation must unite around a new democratic agreement that rises above the partisan squabbles that have failed to produce significant progress since the demise of the Second Republic and earlier democratic experiments by progressive parties like the Action Group (AG) and Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN).
The governments of the Western Region must urgently revitalize the integrated rural development programme of the UPN. Doing so would revitalize rural economies, create new jobs across the value chain, and trigger a competitive, export-oriented economy. This strategy would capitalize on Yorubaland’s geographical advantage – its access to the sea – and position the region at the forefront of African economic integration, a crucial benefit in today’s era of escalating trade wars. This is a critical juncture for the Yoruba people; it is time to rethink and reboot our approach.
Lest we forget, Southwest legislators have a historical blueprint for collaboration that they should urgently revisit. In the Second Republic, leaders from the UPN and NPN, and from the AG and NCNC, established a powerful precedent by regularly meeting to foster regional unity. These leaders were dedicated to the vital interests of the Southwest, never allowing partisan politics to overshadow their duty.
This historical model provides a clear mandate for today’s representatives. All Yoruba legislators should form a caucus to create a common agenda for the region. The primary purpose of such a caucus would be to transcend the narrow pursuit of personal gain and forge the cross-zonal alliances needed to pass critical legislation.
As a nationality, the choice is pleasantly ours!
May the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world, grant us peace in Nigeria!
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